THE THIRD GENERATION OF COMPUTING SPANNED FROM 1965 TO 1975. DURING THIS TIME INTEGRATED CIRCUITS WITH TRANSISTORS, RESISTORS, AND CAPACITORS WERE ETCHED ONTO A PIECE OF SILICON. THIS REDUCED THE PRICE AND SIZE OF COMPUTERS, ADDING TO A GENERAL TREND IN THE COMPUTER INDUSTRY OF MINIATURIZATION. IN 1960 THE DIGITAL EQUIPMENT CORPORATION INTRODUCED THE PROGRAMMED DATA PROCESSOR- 1 (PDP-1), WHICH CAN BE CALLED THE FIRST MINICOMPUTER DUE TO ITS RELATIVELY SMALL SIZE. IT IS CLASSIFIED AS A THIRD GENERATION COMPUTER BECAUSE OF THE WAY IT WAS BUILT, EVEN THOUGH IT WAS MADE BEFORE 1965. THE PDP-1 WAS ALSO THE COMPUTER THAT RAN THE VERY FIRST VIDEO GAME, CALLED SPACEWAR (WRITTEN IN 1962).
THE SOFTWARE INDUSTRY CAME INTO EXISTENCE IN THE MID 1970′S AS COMPANIES FORMED TO WRITE PROGRAMS THAT WOULD SATISFY THE INCREASING NUMBER OF COMPUTER USERS. COMPUTERS WERE BEING USED EVERYWHERE IN BUSINESS, GOVERNMENT, MILITARY, AND EDUCATION ENVIRONMENTS. BECAUSE OF THERE TARGET MARKET, THE FIRST SOFTWARE COMPANIES MOSTLY OFFERED ACCOUNTING AND STATISTICAL PROGRAMS. THIS TIME PERIOD ALSO HAD THE FIRST SET OF COMPUTING STANDARDS CREATED FOR COMPATIBILITY BETWEEN SYSTEMS.
E-MAIL ORIGINATED SOMETIME BETWEEN 1961 AND 1966, ALLOWING COMPUTER USERS TO SEND MESSAGES TO EACH OTHER AS LONG AS THEY WERE CONNECTED THROUGH A NETWORK. THIS IS CLOSELY TIED TO THE WORK THAT WAS BEING DONE ON ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY NETWORK (ARPANET), NETWORKING TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION THAT WOULD ONE DAY BRING THE INTERNET
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